Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field that studies the mind and its processes, including how people think, learn, and remember. It combines knowledge from psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, anthropology, sociology, and philosophy.

George A. Miller is often considered the father of cognitive science due to his significant contributions to the field, including his famous paper "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two" which explored the limits of human memory capacity.

The Turing Test, proposed by Alan Turing in 1950, is significant in cognitive science as a criterion of intelligence. It tests a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.

Theory of Mind is the ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, emotions, knowledge—to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one's own.

The experiment by Simons and Levin (1998) demonstrated "change blindness" by showing that people failed to notice significant changes in a visual scene due to interruptions in their view, highlighting the limitations of human attention and perception.